The results show that the mean entry deviation, exit deviation, and angle deviation are 0.55 mm, 0.88 mm, and 2.23 degrees, respectively. Phantom experiments are carried out based on the system to assess the feasibility and accuracy. With the preoperative path planning of implant navigation software, implant surgery can be carried out. The calibration algorithms of endpoint, axis, and drill are proposed for 3D display of the surgical instrument in real time. A T-type template with active optical markers is used to obtain the position and direction of surgery instruments. A reference template with active optical markers attached to the jaw measures head movement.
A bipolar line constraint algorithm based on TSV is proposed to eliminate the feature point mismatching problem. Some key technologies of DINS have also been updated. When one of the cameras is blocked, spatial positioning can still be achieved, and doctors can adjust to system tips thus, the continuity and safety of the surgery is significantly improved. High positioning accuracy is provided by adding cameras. Trinocular stereo vision (TSV) is introduced to DINS to improve the accuracy and safety of dental implants in this study. These shortcomings limit the operators’ operation scope, and the instruments may even cause damage to the adjacent important blood vessels, nerves, and other anatomical structures. Traditional dental implant navigation systems (DINS) based on binocular stereo vision (BSV) have limitations, for example, weak anti-occlusion abilities, as well as problems with feature point mismatching.
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